From to he addressed meetings in New South Wales. In January the premiers met in Hobart. They agreed that enabling acts should be passed in colonial parliaments to allow for popular election of delegates, and for a referendum to approve a draft constitution. Barton topped the New South Wales poll to elect delegates to the second Federal Convention, gaining 75 per cent of the total votes. Barton and his supporters conducted a vigorous pro-federation campaign preceding the June referendum on federation.
From April to July a second referendum on federation was conducted in New South Wales, South Australia, Tasmania and Victoria, each of which accepted an amended constitution by a larger majority than in June On 2 September that year, Queensland, voting for the first time, approved the bill.
Barton led the Australian delegation to London in early to negotiate amendments to the Constitution Bill the UK Government desired, and to oversee the safe passage of the Bill through the UK parliament. Lyne, however, was a strong opponent of federation and no leading federationist would join a government he led. Lyne then advised Hopetoun to commission Barton, who formed the ministry. The ministry including Lyne in the Home Affairs portfolio was announced on 30 December.
Barton gained electoral confirmation of his appointment as Prime Minister when his Protectionists won more seats than either of the other main groupings, Free Traders and Labor , at the first general election on 29—30 March The first budget was presented to federal parliament by the Treasurer, George Turner, on 8 October The Judiciary Act of Australia became law on 25 August , providing for the establishment of the High Court of Australia, which Barton would later join.
Following a competition for the design of a national flag, for which 32, entries were submitted, a flag including elements from the five winning entries was chosen. These were considerable achievements, given Barton often needed to negotiate a new majority for each piece of legislation.
In part to balance state representation, six members were former premiers, ranging from the radical South Australian Charles Kingston to conservative John Forrest, who had led Western Australia for almost a decade.
These men were former party leaders with forceful personalities and they were used to exercising power in their own right. It was primarily the resignation of Kingston in July over the arbitration bill that led to Cabinet breakdown.
Kingston and his supporters were approached by both Free Trade and Labor parties with offers to join their ranks. Barton, feeling the strain, was prompted to ponder a future beyond politics. On 6 December , six English felt hat makers arrived in Sydney on the R. Orontes and were detained on the mail steamer as prohibited immigrants.
The men had been contracted to work for businessman Charles Anderson in his new Sydney hat factory. Meanwhile, residual anti-Federalist groups believed that this development would be to the commercial benefit of New South Wales and not the Commonwealth as a whole. In the end Barton was convinced the men qualified for exemption from the Immigration Restriction Act. The exemption allowed for special skilled tradesmen to be admitted if like skilled workers were not available in the local market.
Colin A. It is a labour of love to me to do anything in my power to help forward the consummation of the union of Australia. Skip to main navigation Skip to secondary navigation Skip to content.
Australian Prime Ministers Show nav. Home Prime Ministers Edmund Barton. Partner Jane Mason Barton. Party Protectionist. Barton who was only 33 years old was a respected and successful Speaker for four years. Barton was the youngest ever Speaker pictured , during his time in the chair he:.
With the support of Henry Parkes, Barton was given a Life Appointment to the Legislative Council in , where he remained for the next four years. Edmund Barton did not support free trade as he saw such a policy as in direct opposition to Federation. Barton had become a firm believer in the need to create one nation, to federate the colonies. The issue of free trade divided New South Wales from Victoria, which supported protection of their industries by imposing tariffs on imported goods.
Barton abandoned free trade and stood on a protectionist platform against George Reid. From to Barton was not a member of Parliament and focused on the fight for federation.
Edmund Barton was a leading advocate of the colonies federating to become one nation. National Library of Australia. Visit here. Edmund Barton was on the drafting committee for the constitution. The final step to achieve federation was to seek the approval of the British parliament of the proposed constitution and assent of the Queen.
For three months they lobbied for the successful passage of the Constitution Bill through the House of Commons and the House of Lords. On 9 July , the Bill was enacted, and on 17 September Queen Victoria proclaimed 1 January the date the new nation would be born. Tosca, National Library of Australia n la. Lyne was not able to form a government or get support of the major Federalists. Lord Hopetoun then appointed a caretaker government led by Edmund Barton who was sworn in as Prime Minister on 1 January Alfred Deakin was the second Prime Minister of Australia.
He led the Federation movement in Victoria. Only Edmund Barton worked harder to create the new nation of Australia. Deakin was born in Melbourne in He became a lawyer and wrote for The Age newspaper. Deakin was clever, handsome and a wonderful speaker. He entered politics at the age of 22, became involved in the Australian Natives Association and was very soon the leader of the reformers in the Victorian Parliament.
Though he was an excellent politician, he kept thinking he would give it up and become a writer or a preacher. Deakin was keenly interested in spirituality, and was involved with a number of different spiritual groups and churches throughout his life.
Deakin was Prime Minister from —04, and then from — He was a protectionist Prime Minister and, with the support of the Labor Party, he encouraged Australian industry with tariffs; set decent wages for workers through the Arbitration Court; and planned an Australian navy. As Labor grew stronger, he combined with all other non-Labor politicians in to form the Liberal Party.
At an Australian Natives Association banquet in Bendigo in March , Deakin addressed the crowd directly after Victorian politician Isaac Isaacs had spoken about his reservations regarding the draft Constitution.
Making his most famous and most celebrated speech, Deakin spoke to the Australian Natives Association members as one Australian to another. His speech received rousing support. Noting the high level of support for Federation, other prominent Victorian politicians then campaigned in its favour. At a time like the present this association cannot forget its watchword—Federation—or its character, which has never been provincial.
It has never been a Victorian, but always an Australian Association. Its hour has now come…Every branch should be stimulated into action, until, without resorting to any but legitimate means, without any attempt at intimidation, without taking advantage of sectionalism, but in the purest and broadest spirit of Australian unity, all your members unite to awaken this colony to its duty….
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