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Copy Copied! Copy failed. Although the French sought to include local rulers in their administration at a point in time, they soon gave up the idea. The few local leaders who were retained were reduced to ordinary functionaries and tax collectors. Through their approach, the French managed to undermine or even kill local institutions which had traditionally been 'undivided religious, economic and political sources of authority and replaced it with a foreign ones without local roots'. Changes were made during the wartime.
At the Brazzaville Conference of , a federation of African colonies with France was proposed. The constituent assembly meeting held after the war in recommended a union.
Forced labor and the status 'sujet' were abolished. Despite all these changes, French political rule did a lot of harm to Africa in general by undermining its traditional political institutions and developing only the coast and its citizens at the expense of the interior. Portugal was the first colonial power in Africa. Their administrative policy was based on Assimilation and Paternalism. In general, the Portuguese were more ruthless than any of the colonial masters.
They were also the last of the European powers to leave Africa. Their decline as world power and their relative poverty compared to the European powers forced Portugal to exploit the colonies in a brutal manner. It would appear that both the policies of assimilation and paternal responsibility were nothing more than myths used to conceal Portugal's cruel exploitation of her helpless colonial subjects.
Despite Portugal's boast about non-racial Christian civilizing missions in her colonies, official Portuguese sources disclosed in that there were 1, civilized and ,00 uncivilized Africans in Portuguese Guinea; 30, civilized and 4,, uncivilized in Angola; and 25, civilized and 5,, uncivilized in Mozambique' Boateng, Following Ghana's Independence in March , the tempo of decolonization went up and by , all Africa except Namibia, Angola, Mozambique, Zimbabwe, Guinea Bissau and a few others were still under colonial rule.
In places like Algeria, Mozambique, Angola, Zimbabwe and Namibia, it took major confrontations before independence was finally granted. Factors that Contributed to Decolonization:.
The rise of native Africans against colonialism. The Atlantic Charter of Nations. The exhaustion of Europe.
Although all of Africa has been decolonized, it is argued that the European Colonial Masters still exercise a strong presence in the African countries in what is termed as Neocolonialism.
Kwame Nkrumah the first president of Ghana has explained the Neocolonialism concept in a book. He writes:. Without qualm, it dispenses with its flags, and even with certain of its more hated expatriate officials. This means, so it claims, that it is 'giving' independence to its former subjects to be followed by 'aid' for their development.
Review Questions. Compare the colonial policies adopted by the British and French in administering their colonies in Africa and assess the impacts of such policies on 1 Africans and their culture and 2 in preparing the native Africans to rule their countries after Independence. Compare West Africa with East Africa in terms of European colonization, exploitation and slave trade and explain why European influence was more intense in West Africa than it was in the Eastern province of the Continent.
Trans-Atlantic Slave Trade: During the so-called triangular trade that ensued from European colonization of Africa, slaves were purchased in West Africa, shipped to the Americas to produce cotton etc.
The search for raw materials supply for European Industries 3. The prestige attached to ownership of colonies 4. Scientific and geography curiosity that results from exploration of new areas Between and , land explorers such as Henry Stanley An American employed by King Leopold of Belgian, David Livingstone along the Zambezi and Mungo Park along the Niger river began to explore the hinterland.
Two main features of French rule were the 1. But by , the number had risen to 3, and by , to 10, Faced by a shortage of white indentured servants and fearful of servant revolt, English settlers increasingly resorted to enslaved Africans. Between and , more than , Africans slaves entered the American colonies. Previous Next.
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