In the beginning is a creation myth. At the core of their bond with one another is another bond of one with the mountain and the other with the sea.
Beginning in BC: Colonization by the Chinese empire for eleven centuries to follow. Classical Chinese is imposed as the written language of the government elite, forming the basis of politics, science, and literature. Proto-Viet continues to be spoken, and its speech, to be influenced by Classical Chinese. After a millennium of foreign occupation without a formal writing system of its own, independent Vietnam continues as before: with Classical Chinese at its helm. For this script, Chinese characters are naturalized to fit the Vietnamese spoken language, which itself includes Chinese words naturalized into Vietnamese.
Beginning in the seventeenth century: Portuguese missionaries devise a Romanized script based largely on the Portuguese alphabet to aid their learning of Vietnamese.
Instead of learning Classical Chinese, they decide that the Vietnamese language needs a different access point. With the publication of Dictionarium Annamiticum Lusinitanum et Latinum Vietnamese—Portuguese—Latin dictionary by a Jesuit lexicographer Alexandre de Rhodes in , another border begins to emerge. Beginning in Vietnam is colonized by France and given a French name Indochine. For the French to define Vietnam as an indeterminate landmass between India and China is to undermine it: is to contribute to a crisis of definition: a state of emergency: a space for the Vietnamese language to defy through that which is meant to undermine: is to be determined despite the indeterminate: is to fight to call a language mine.
Instead of imposing a new order onto the centuries-old Vietnamese order, the French graft themselves onto preexisting structures of Vietnamese government and society. The French follow the lead of the Portuguese in interpreting the question of the Vietnamese language on their own terms—by extricating Vietnam from its East Asian cultural sphere of influence.
To fill the gap created by a language severed from its ancient written form, the French turn to the largely neglected system of transcribing Vietnamese via Latin. This—the result of the French battling the Chinese over control of the Austroasiatic Viet sound—is the emergence of the modern Vietnamese language.
The tautology of a national script self-described as a national script is a reminder that the Vietnamese language cannot be taken for granted. It is the only culturally East Asian country that uses a Latin alphabet. However, this alphabet is not as the Latin alphabet is for Portuguese, or as the Cyrillic alphabet is for Russian, but it is, distinctly, a national Vietnamese script. To fully embody the Vietnamese sound, the Latin alphabet must be significantly marked to increase its expressivity.
Equipped with only twelve vowels, the Latin alphabet evolves in order to express the sixty vowels used in Vietnamese: It gives shape to the sound that pushes it to sound different. For the Vietnamese educated youth of s, the first written language is French, and the second written language—their own.
In reaction to the swift turn of events, the French push the Vietnamese to revert to values of Confucianism, monarchy, and civil obedience from which they themselves had forced the Vietnamese to detach just a century before. But this is not enough to stop the spread of Vietnamese-mobilized mechanisms of the press, the written script, and the language of liberation. Only this time, Vietnamese independence comes with a united spoken and written Vietnamese language.
With Vietnamese independence secured, so too is its sound and script. Along the border bisecting Vietnam, language splits into proletariat propaganda to the North, and free press to the South. After just three years, the movement collapses under government persecution. No sooner than the words expressing the grim conditions of the North appear. About this product. Make an offer:. Brand new: Lowest price The lowest-priced brand-new, unused, unopened, undamaged item in its original packaging where packaging is applicable.
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